Gasket Material

They are a lot of people just thinking gasket is a very simple item that we can just install it without knowing what material are they making off, actually high quality gasket have a diffrence material from those other which it can withstand high temperature and pressure, and for preventing air leak, oil leak or water leak also need to use the correct gasket material, here are some gasket material list for our readers reference.


Material Tensile Strength High Temperature Usefulness °F Relative Cost Rating Within This Material Group

Natural Rubber (Pure Gum) 3000 150 1.05

Description: Soft rubber with high resilience and tear resistance. Good for squeegee blades and seals. Poor oil, ozone, sunlight and heat resistance.

SBR 700 200 0.60

Description: Popular low cost, non oil-resistant rubber.

Neoprene 1500 225 0.70

Description: All-purpose material combines moderate oil, gasoline, sunlight, ozone, chemical and oxidation resistance in one product.

Nitrile (Buna N) 1500 250 1.60

Description: Excellent oil and gasoline resistance.

EPDM (EPR) 1500 300 1.45

Description: Excellent weather, water and ozone resistance. Good heat resistance. Not for use with petroleum products.

Silicone 700 450 4.60

Description: Maximum resistance to heat and cold, oxidation, ozone and weathering. High dielectric strength.

Urethane 6000 250 9.00

Description: Tough resilient material designed for applications requiring maximum abrasion resistance and high tensile strength.

Viton® 1200 400 33.50

Description: Maximum resistance to most oils and many chemicals in high temperature conditions.

White FDA Rubber 1500 200 2.70

Description: Ingredients used in the compound are FDA approved. Non-marking; useful in food handling.

Cloth Inserted Rubber 700 200 1.80

Description: Fabric reinforces the rubber to reduce stretching. Many varieties available. Contact Precision Gasket for details.

Thermoplastic Rubbers 1200 250 3.25

Description: Excellent fatigue and chemical resistance. Some products are impervious to oil. FDA and NSF compounds available.

Blend Neoprene/Cork 200 250 2.40

Description: Gasket Material made from cork particles blended with neoprene rubber to improve compression set, fatigue, sealing properties over rubber.

Blend Nitrile/Cork 200 250 2.50

Description: Similar to neoprene/cork, but better suited to petroleum applications.

Neoprene Blend Sponge 75 225 0.33

Description: Widely used for gaskets, pads, etc., where solid rubber is too hard. Firmer than foam materials.

Natural Rubber Sponge 150 150 0.84

Description: Excellent resistance to compression set. Firmer than foam materials. Absorbs liquid.

Silicone Sponge 100 450 4.85

Description: Closed cell material with maximum resistance to compression set and most environmental conditions. Firmer than foam materials.

White FDA Sponge 100 130 0.90

Description: Closed cell material made from FDA approved ingredients. Used primarily in food applications.

Open Cell Polyurethane Foam 25 225 0.30

Description: Softest cellular material for gasketing, sound control, packaging, etc. Excellent chemical resistance properties. Absorbs liquid, low cost.

Closed Cell Polyurethane Foam (Crosslinked) 50 200 0.15

Description: Soft resilient material has excellent chemical resistant properties.

Composite Cellulose Fiber 2000 250 0.50

Description: Useful for applications with medium flange bolt pressure. Fuel resistance, but affected by acids, water.

Composite Reinforced Cellulose Fiber/Rubber (Beater Saturated) 1500 350 0.50

Description: Rubber binder adds resistance to some chemicals and improved sealability. For applications with medium flange bolt pressure.

Composite Reinforced Aramid Fiber/Rubber (Beater Saturated) 4000 750 1.75

Description: For medium to heavy flange bolting pressure. Variety of rubber binders available. 1/16" thick maximum. Uniform fiber dispersion.

Composite Reinforced Aramid Fiber/Rubber (Compression Saturated) 3500 750 3.00

Description: For heavy flange bolt pressure applications. Contains rubber binder. Thickness from 1/64" to 3/16" available.

Composite Graphite Sheet 750 900 2.00

Description: For applications with very high temperatures.

Wool Felt 250+ 200 0.95

Description: Many thicknesses and densities available. Excellent cushioning, sealing, wicking and environmental properties.

Synthetic Felt - - 1.00

Description: Typical materials include: Polypropylene, rayon, polyester, nylon, Nomex, and Teflon felts.

Polyethylene 5000 250 0.40

Description: Low and high densities available. Excellent solvent resistance.

Nylon 12000 250 2.30

Description: Tough over a wide range of temperatures. Abrasion, heat and chemical resistant. Can be fiberglass or MDS filled.

Polypropylene 5000 250 0.45

Description: Tough, rigid with outstanding flex life. Excellent abrasion and good chemical resistance.

Polyester (Mylar®) 25000 400 1.25

Description: Very strong with good balance of physical, chemical properties. Outstanding dielectric strength for electrical insulation.

Teflon® 2000 500 6.25

Description: Unexcelled chemical resistance; high dielectric strength; non-flammable and inert to weather and sunlight. Lowest coefficient of friction of any solid.

Kapton® 25000 700 3.30

Description: Available from .0003" to .005" thick. This Dupont film has exceptional heat resistance, mechanical strength, and dielectric properties.

Nomex® 1000 400 0.50

Description: Available from .003" to .030" thick. Dupont Aramid paper can be creased and formed and is UL listed.

Vulcanized Fibre (Fishpaper) 21000 250 0.35

Description: Chemically hardened paper with excellent dielectric strength and high friction and oil resistance. Can be formed.

Flame Retardant Papers/Boards 10000 275 0.65

Description: UL 94V-0 Flame retardant rated materials. Rigid with high electrical insulation properties where moisture is not present.

Formex™ Flame Retardant Plastic 3600 200 0.65

Description: Moisture resistant with high dielectric strength. Excellent scoring/folding performance and UL 94V-0 rating.

Epoxy/Glass Laminates 50000 350 2.50

Description: Glass cloth is saturated with epoxy thermosetting resins to create rigid, strong material with excellent dielectric properties. Minimum thickness is .005".

Non-Asbestos Paper 500 750 1.00

Description: White material reflects heat and light. Effective for replacing asbestos paper. Some contain rubber binder to limit moisture absorption.

Fiberglass Insulation N/A 350-1000 0.25

Description: Low cost light weight versatile material. Organic binders burn at 350° F, but glass is unaffected up to 1000° F.

Ceramic Insulation 35 2300 2.05

Description: Unaffected by most chemicals. Thick blanket, compressed board, paper versions available.

Sound Absorbing Foams 20 225 0.50

Description: Absorbs hight frequency sound. Can be adhesive backed.

Specialty Damping Sheet 1000 135 3.10

Description: A dense thermoplastic used to reduce low frequency vibration. Adhesive backing available.

Foam/Damping Sheet Composites 1000 135 1.28

Description: Absorbs both high and low frequency sound and vibration. Adhesive backing available.

Foil Laminates N/A 200 1.30

Description: Aluminum or copper foil laminated to paper or plastic film; strong; formable and uniform. Good for wrap around shielding.

Wire/Rubber Composites N/A 375 15.00

Description: Used for conductive gasketing. Stops both liquid and EMI/RFI radiation from passing between mating flanges. Many types available.

Silver Particle Filled Conductive Rubber 175 375 125.00

Description: Used for conductive gasketing. Has corrosion characteristics of silver.

Rubber Based Adhesives N/A 150 1.15

Description: High initial tack strength. 1 year shelf life maximum.

Acrylic Based Adhesives N/A 250 1.25

Description: Low initial tack strength but high long term bond strength. 2 year shelf life maximum.

Silicone Based Adhesive N/A 450 9.00

Description: Moderate tack strength. Withstands 450° F temperature. 6 month shelf life maximum.

3M Safety Walk® - - -

Description: Adhesive backed, durable antislip material contributes friction to make surfaces safe and efficient. Different textures are available.

Automotive Sector in Malaysia

-September 2008’s TIV (total industry volume) released by the Malaysian Automotive
Association (MAA), showed a 12.8% increase YoY and 7.4% MoM to register at 50,729 units.
Passenger car (PC) sales increased 8% from the previous month but this was setoff by a 3%
decline in commercial vehicles. The encouraging sales of PC was attributable to heavy
promotional activities ahead of Hari Raya festivities.

-A point to note this time around is the fact that local carmakers gained market share at the
expense of non-nationals. Perodua’s and Proton’s market share increased to 30.9%
(+1.1pp) and 27.5% (+2.8pp) respectively, while Toyota, Honda and Nissan saw their market
share slip by 2.2pp 0.4pp and 1.1pp.

- Nissan, which posted a notable 11% MoM decline (for PC segment), saw its volume driving
models registering significant contraction in sales. The Sylphy, which has seen average
monthly volume of 340 units for the first three months since its launch, saw unit sales
dropping to 308 units (-30% MoM) for the month of September.

- Meanwhile, the Latio, which was launched mid last year registered a 26% drop MoM. Sales
volume dropped to only 219 units in September versus an average 347 units/month for the
first 8 months of 2008. In addition, the Livina saw volumes decline 12.4% compared to the
previous month.

- Perodua’s and Proton’s gain in market share was unsurprising, as car buyers would
naturally migrate down to more fuel efficient, lower capacity and affordable cars amid
inflationary pressures, depleting disposable income and rising hire purchase rates. Proton
registered a 19.7% MoM growth in sales, driven primarily by the Saga, which posted a 22%
MoM increase to 7,634 units. In addition, sales for its Persona model (Proton’s 2nd largest
volume driver) also registered healthy growth of 20% MoM.

- Perodua - which registered an 11.2% MoM growth - saw a 30% increase in sales of the MyVi,
but its Viva model saw a slight 3% decline. Our channel checks indicate a possibility of
Perodua coming out with a new model in 2009, while no indication on capacity and vehicle
class or price segment has been revealed at this juncture.

- Although Sept TIV bounced back compared to a YoY contraction posted in August, we
think this will be shortlived and the sector will see significant deterioration as the impact of
a slowing economy trickles down to the man on the street. We expect the fourth quarter to
see typical seasonal weakness on top of a more pronounced impact of slowing consumer
spending.

- Auto stocks under our coverage currently trade within a range of 7x (Tan Chong) and 11x
(UMW) FY09F earnings and 0.4x (Proton) to 1.7x (UMW) on FY09F book value. Despite
cheap valuations, we remain NEUTRAL on the auto sector given the lack of earnings
catalyst and muted demand visibility going forward, which would cause auto companies to
continue trading at depressed valuations. We retain our NEUTRAL rating on Tan Chong (TP:
RM1.58) and Proton (TP: RM3.02 and our BUY recommendation on UMW (TP: RM7.88).

The information and opinions in this report were prepared by AmResearch Sdn Bhd. The investments discussed or recommended in this report may not be suitable for all investors. This report has been prepared for information purposes only and is not an offer to sell or a solicitation to buy any securities. The directors and employees of AmResearch Sdn Bhd may from time to time have a position in or with the securities mentioned herein. Members of the AmInvestment Group and their affiliates may provide services to any company and affiliates of such companies whose securities are mentioned herein. The information herein was obtained or
derived from sources that we believe are reliable, but while all reasonable care has been taken to ensure that stated facts are accurate and opinions fair and reasonable, we do not represent that it is accurate or complete and it should not be relied upon as such. No liability can be accepted for any loss that may arise from the use of this report. All opinions and estimates included in this report constitute our judgement as of this date and are subject to change without notice.
For AmResearch Sdn Bhd
Fiona Leong
Executive Director
Sector Report
PP12247/6/2009/(021181)
AmResearch Team
www.amesecurities.com.my
603 20322280
23 October 2008
AUTOMOTIVE
Sept TIV: Non-nationals lose market share
NEUTRAL
(Maintained)
Rationale for report : Sector update

Lexus GS300

Successor to the GS identity "Incisive simplicity, Form and Dynamic Contrast", this new design theme evolves to a new dynamic design that incorporates the future of "L-finesse" through its interior and exterior design.

Sharp dynamic character lines express a wide and aggressive front design. This brings a sense of dynamism that further sharpens the 'L-finesse'.

A virtual powerhouse, the GS 300 boasts a 3.0-liter, 228 horsepower, V6 engine that propels the car from 0 to 100 km/h in a mere 7.5 seconds. The dual VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing with Intelligence) and ACIS (Acoustic Controlled Induction System) contributes to a maximum torque of 300Nm.

For others Lexus model which available in Malaysia, please visit www.lexus.com.my

JMEPA

A free trade agreement between Japan and Malaysia took effect Thursday July 13, 2006 , enabling the two countries to scrap tariffs on essentially all industrial goods and most agricultural, forestry and fishery products within 10 years.

To signify the launch of the FTA, the two nations held the same day their first joint committee meeting at the Japanese Foreign Ministry’s Iikura guesthouse in Tokyo to discuss operational procedures on the implementation of the FTA.

Japan was represented at the meeting by Economy, Trade and Industry Minister Toshihiro Nikai, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Shoichi Nakagawa, Foreign Minister Taro Aso and Finance Minister Sadakazu Tanigaki. Malaysia’s delegation was led by International Trade and Industry Minister Rafidah Aziz.

Japan and Malaysia signed the bilateral FTA in December following nearly two years of negotiations. Malaysia is the third FTA partner for Japan following Singapore and Mexico.

The Japanese and Malaysian ministers issued a joint press statement to mark the FTA’s entry into force, which called the FTA a "solid basis for the strategic partnership between Japan and Malaysia."

The ministers from both nations "shared the view that the (FTA) will contribute toward enhancing the cross-border flow of goods, services and capital between Japan and Malaysia...enable both countries to make the most of their economic complementarity."

For example, Kuala Lumpur will remove tariffs on finished passenger cars with engine displacements above 2000 cc by 2010 and smaller vehicles by 2015. It will also immediately abolish tariffs for completely knocked down auto parts for Japanese carmakers assembling vehicles in Malaysia.

For farm products, Tokyo will immediately eliminate tariffs on Malaysian imports of tropical fruits like mangoes, mangosteens, durians, papayas and rambutans.

The accord will cover not only trade in goods, but also services trade, intellectual property right protection, investment rules, competition policies, business facilitation and cooperation projects for personnel training in Malaysia.

Japanese manufacturers would benefit from the FTA as it will boost their competitiveness by lowering parts procurement costs in Malaysia, while Malaysian local industries would also gain from Japan’s cooperation programs stipulated in the accord, according to Japanese officials.

Under the partnership, Japan will accept 1,000 trainees over the next 10 years from relevant Malaysian institutions for human resources development in such areas as agriculture, education and information technology. A total of 24 programs are set to be implemented immediately now that the pact has entered into force.

In 2005, Japan’s exports to Malaysia totaled $12.6 billion and imports from the country stood at $14.8 billion, according to the Japanese government.

The 41th Tokyo Motor Show 2009

Japan always are the leading power house for automotive creativity and innovative in the world, the Tokyo Motor Show which held once every 2 years let the world to witness their new creative invention, so for those fanatic, you can't miss the 41th Tokyo Motor Show 2009 which will be held in Makuhari Messe, Chiba City, Japan from October 23 (Fri.) to November 8 (Sun.) in the year of 2009, please enjoy the video show on the 40th Tokyo Motor Show 2007 which I would like to share with all of you.

KP Gasket Set Content

In KP brand gasket set, including Head Set and Full Set, their items content sometime may caught you by suprise, for example, the cam plug seal showed in the photo is KP Honda B20A Head Set is mostly not seen in other brands, and you will find it in lot of other model once you explore to it.

As KP gasket follow all the requirement in OEM standard, which they may have some item which had higher quality than the OEM gasket, as there are quite a lot of OEM spare parts are made in Thailand for Japanese car model, though KP Gasket pricing maybe at the high end, but their quality will speak for themself once you try it.

Toyota Levin 20 valve

The 20-Valve 4AGE replaced the 4AGZE Supercharged engines. Just like the early and late 16 Valve 4Ges, they also underwent revisions. The Silver Top was introduced in the Corolla AE101 (1992), and the Black Top in the Corolla AE111 (1997). Both engines used Toyota�s version of Variable cam timing- VVT.

Bore and stroke remained as in the original 1st and 2nd Generation 4AGEs (early) big port (TVIS) and (late) small port (non-TVIS). Similarly compression was upped in the later models. The blocks are identical to the late model AE92 generation blocks (and naturally the SC blocks too). MODIFYING THE 4AG / 4AGZE Block: The 4AG block is a free revving and strong bottom end. A stock block will survive in excess of 350 HP if air-charged in the 8000 RPM range, or 250 HP in the 10000RPM range.

The 2nd generation blocks with oil squirters should be the minimum considered. The connecting rods are also beefier, similar to the 4AGZ. The 1st generation block had smaller wrist pins and rod journals, which should be fine for milder tunes. For serious competition the rods should be replaced. Stroking the crankshaft to a maximum 81mm will keep the RPM capability intact. Bores can be brought out to 83mm, but try to keep it under 82.5mm.

There is no need for the Formula Atlantic crankshaft. Reject blocks that will need 83mm to clean up, for sure there is head damage also. Stay away from the 7AF to 7AG conversion since the crank is not forged and the flywheel bolts are too small, with no provision available to upgrade. The rods are potential failures also when subjected to real 4AG RPM operation. It is an exercise in creativity but a total sidestep for any real performance-oriented application.

If you like the torque of the 7AF, use the complete engine. Cylinder Head: There are some issues about the Formula Atlantic head. The Formula Atlantic head is a modified 4AG head- port and polished with the valve adjusters changed to the under-the-bucket shim arrangement (similar to the 2TG and 18RG). The valves and springs are different too. This modification is required when running camshafts with high lift and/or long duration (above 300).

For street purposes there is no advantage converting to this adjustment method or preparing the head to Atlantic specifications. The port and chamber modifications will decrease performance- short of preparing the complete engine to Formula Atlantic specifications, which will render the package totally unstreetable. There is very minimal head preparation needed, aside from match porting and polishing the runners. Porting the heads on this 16 valve Twin Cam more often decreases the air velocity- resulting in poorer throttle response.

Despite others claim of a 20HP or more increase- on modified heads alone, this is simply impossible without camshaft or pistons changed. Toyota has casted and machined all their 4 valve heads to very close and accurate tolerances for street (and rally) use. Camshaft choices for stock EFI systems and pistons should be limited to less than 265 duration. Upgraded blocks with pistons of at least 10.5:1 compression may use up to 288. It is recommended to convert to under-the-bucket shims for durations over 300 (with corresponding higher compression pistons).

Installing high duration cams on the stock set-up will cause the shims to fall-off and instant result in instant engine seizure. As always stay away from reground cams with non-factory lobe centers, you will have problems getting the correct adjustment shims. On the 4AGZ intake manifold- the #1 runner, which is dog-legged, must be filled and recontoured. This is a simple procedure that must be done. Be sure to frequently check the supercharger oil also. Many units have died because of oil starvation. The 5 valve head is Toyota's bonus to the 4AG after the 4AGZE went away. With the additional valve and independent throttle bodies- the 4AG 20 valve is a unique head design. This head unfortunately has many proprietary pieces and the only way to do a conversion to a 5 valve is only with a complete engine. The distributor position may be a problem in RWD installations. (Note: There are 2 versions of the 5-valve engine, see related information under Japanese engines).

Supercharger / Turbo Upgrade- The preparation for the turbo set-up is to lower the compression. The 4AG / 4AGZ that will see boosts in excess of 10 psi should be set-up with forged pistons. Blocks with the oil squirters must be used as these come with the better rods. For boosts higher than 18 psi, the rods have to be replaced. Oil cooler is mandatory, and for all applications a bigger radiator is a good investment. Use the 4AGZ injectors and fuel pressure regulator for turbo conversions of the normally aspirated 4AG. 550cc injectors are available for serious boost / engine outputs. The fuel pump can be replaced with the Supra Turbo pump, a direct bolt-in. Fuel System- If at all possible avoid using the dual side-draft carbs. The cost for the carbs / manifold plus ignition conversion will come close to a new fuel injection system. The EFI system will be adequate for minor tuning. 4AG/Z EFI systems use either an AFM (air flow meter) or MAP (manifold air pressure).

The AFM model is actually preferred since it will allow the user some adjustability for modified cams; there is no compensation available with MAP sensors. There is no advantage to converting to a MAP sensor, the idea of loss HP due to the AFM restriction is not true. Ignition System: Even 4AGZs equipped with DFI (direct fire ignition), will see a performance increase with an ignition amplifier. This is one of very few Toyota ignitions that are marginal. Colder plugs must be used with any upgrade. For carburetor equipped 4AGs the distributor has to supplemented with a timing controller, MSD 6A, and a coil.